Williamson, G. Bruce. 1988. - Historial de revisiones

Lcgarcia: nueva referencia

2018-04-25T05:41:02Z

nueva referencia

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 07:41 25 abr 2018
Línea 12:		Línea 12:
	#[[Laurance, William F.; G. Bruce Williamson; et al. 2011.]] The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation. Biological Conservation.		#[[Laurance, William F.; G. Bruce Williamson; et al. 2011.]] The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation. Biological Conservation.
	#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]] Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.		#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]] Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.
			#[[Oyomoare Osazuwa-Peters; Amy E. Zanne. 2011.]] [http://prometheuswiki.org/tiki-index.php?page=Wood+density+protocol Wood density protocol.] Wood density is defined as mass of wood per unit volume. It is an important trait for understanding the function and ecology of woody species, as well as estimating stored biomass and carbon content (Chave et al. 2009). It is used as an indicator of wood quality and tissue allocation patterns and a predictor of plant performance.

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Lcgarcia: /* Abstract */

2016-05-19T23:02:05Z

Abstract

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 01:02 20 may 2016
Línea 11:		Línea 11:
	#[[Laurance, W. F.; G. Bruce Williamson, G. 2001.]] Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon.		#[[Laurance, W. F.; G. Bruce Williamson, G. 2001.]] Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon.
	#[[Laurance, William F.; G. Bruce Williamson; et al. 2011.]] The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation. Biological Conservation.		#[[Laurance, William F.; G. Bruce Williamson; et al. 2011.]] The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation. Biological Conservation.
	#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]]. Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.		#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]] Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.
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	===Apostillas===		===Apostillas===
	#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida; currently Associate Professor, Louisiana State University) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.		#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida; currently Associate Professor, Louisiana State University) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.

Lcgarcia en 21:48 19 may 2016

2016-05-19T21:48:26Z

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 23:48 19 may 2016
Línea 6:		Línea 6:

	Véase también:		Véase también:
	# [[Richards, P. y G. B. Williamson. 1975.]]. Treefalls and Patterns of Understory Species in a Wet Lowland Tropical Forest. Ecology		# [[Richards, P. y G. B. Williamson. 1975.]] Treefalls and Patterns of Understory Species in a Wet Lowland Tropical Forest. Ecology
	# [[Cramer, J. M.; R. C. G. Mesquita; G. Bruce Williamson. 2007.]]. Forest fragmentation differentially affects seed dispersal of large and small-seeded tropical trees. Biological Conservation.		# [[Cramer, J. M.; R. C. G. Mesquita; G. Bruce Williamson. 2007.]] Forest fragmentation differentially affects seed dispersal of large and small-seeded tropical trees. Biological Conservation.
	#[[Mesquita, R. C. G.; K. Ickes; G. Ganade; G. Bruce Williamson. 2001.]]. Alternative successional pathways in the Amazon Basin. Journal of Ecology		#[[Mesquita, R. C. G.; K. Ickes; G. Ganade; G. Bruce Williamson. 2001.]] Alternative successional pathways in the Amazon Basin. Journal of Ecology
	#[[Laurance, W. F.; G. Bruce Williamson, G. 2001.]]. Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon.		#[[Laurance, W. F.; G. Bruce Williamson, G. 2001.]] Positive feedbacks among forest fragmentation, drought, and climate change in the Amazon.
			#[[Laurance, William F.; G. Bruce Williamson; et al. 2011.]] The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation. Biological Conservation.
	#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]]. Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.		#[[Wiemann, M.C.; G. Bruce Williamson. 2012.]]. Testing a novel method to approximate wood specific gravity of trees. Forest Science.
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Línea 31:		Línea 32:

	Year		Year
	~~Sort by: AcademicAuthorsG. Bruce WilliamsonPublications (33)~~
	~~The fate of Amazonian forest fragments: A 32-year investigation (Citations: 4)~~
	William F. Laurance, José L. C. Camargo, Regina C. C. Luizão, Susan G. Laurance, Stuart L. Pimm, Emilio M. Bruna, Philip C. Stouffer, G. Bruce Williamson, Julieta Benítez-Malvido, Heraldo L. Vasconcelos, Kyle S. Van Houtan, Charles E. Zartman
	We synthesize findings to date from the world’s largest and longest-running experimental study of habitat fragmentation, located in central Amazonia. Over the past 32 years, Amazonian forest fragments ranging from 1 to 100ha have experienced a wide array of ecological changes. Edge effects have been a dominant driver of fragment dynamics, strongly affecting forest microclimate, tree mortality, carbon storage, fauna, ...
	~~Journal: Biological Conservation - BIOL CONSERV , vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 56-67, '''2011'''~~
	~~Measuring wood specific gravity...Correctly (Citations: 1)~~
	G. B. Williamson, M. C. Wiemann		G. B. Williamson, M. C. Wiemann
	Journal: American Journal of Botany - AMER J BOT , vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 519-524, '''2010'''		Journal: American Journal of Botany - AMER J BOT , vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 519-524, '''2010'''

Lcgarcia en 21:27 19 may 2016

2016-05-19T21:27:22Z

Mostrar los cambios

Lcgarcia: Nuevos vínculos, corrección de fecha

2016-05-19T19:03:04Z

Nuevos vínculos, corrección de fecha

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 21:03 19 may 2016
Línea 4:		Línea 4:

	Twelve ''[[Hampea appendiculata]]'', six ''[[Heliocarpus appendiculatus]]'', and twelve ''[[Ochroma pyramidale]]'' trees from tropical wet forest in Costa Rica were sampled across their radii. Wood from all three species increased linearly in specific gravity{{ref\|density}},{{ref\|valores}} from pith to bark. The magnitude of the increase was about 0.1 units of specific gravity per 10 cm of radius, although there were differences between the species and between trees within each species. All three species colonize clearings and disturbed sites, and these extreme changes in specific gravity may be associated with the pioneer habit in the wet forest.{{ref\|referencias}}		Twelve ''[[Hampea appendiculata]]'', six ''[[Heliocarpus appendiculatus]]'', and twelve ''[[Ochroma pyramidale]]'' trees from tropical wet forest in Costa Rica were sampled across their radii. Wood from all three species increased linearly in specific gravity{{ref\|density}},{{ref\|valores}} from pith to bark. The magnitude of the increase was about 0.1 units of specific gravity per 10 cm of radius, although there were differences between the species and between trees within each species. All three species colonize clearings and disturbed sites, and these extreme changes in specific gravity may be associated with the pioneer habit in the wet forest.{{ref\|referencias}}

			Véase también:
			# [[Richards, P. y G. B. Williamson. 1975.]]
			# [[]]
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Línea 20:		Línea 24:
	Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705		Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1705
	(Received July 1987)-->		(Received July 1987)-->
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Lcgarcia: /* Apostillas */

2016-05-06T05:54:08Z

Apostillas

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 07:54 6 may 2016
Línea 11:		Línea 11:
	#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]		#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]
	#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).		#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).
	#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and ~~sera!~~ composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.		#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and seral composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.
	</small>		</small>

Lcgarcia: /* Apostillas */

2016-05-05T20:26:55Z

Apostillas

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:26 5 may 2016
Línea 8:		Línea 8:

	===Apostillas===		===Apostillas===
	#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.		#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida; currently Associate Professor, Louisiana State University) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.
	#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]		#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]
	#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).		#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).

Lcgarcia: /* Abstract */

2016-05-05T20:25:04Z

Abstract

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:25 5 may 2016
Línea 1:		Línea 1:
	'''Michael C. Wiemann y G. Bruce Williamson. 1988.''' Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers. Wood and Fiber Science, '''20'''(3), 1988, pp. 344-349{{ref\|bruce}})<br>		'''Michael C. Wiemann y G. Bruce Williamson. 1988.''' Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers. Wood and Fiber Science, '''20'''(3), 1988, pp. 344-349{{ref\|bruce}})<br>
	===Abstract===		===Abstract===
	<small>(tomado del artículo)</small>~~<br>~~		<small>(tomado del artículo)</small>

	Twelve ''[[Hampea appendiculata]]'', six ''[[Heliocarpus appendiculatus]]'', and twelve ''[[Ochroma pyramidale]]'' trees from tropical wet forest in Costa Rica were sampled across their radii. Wood from all three species increased linearly in specific gravity{{ref\|density}},{{ref\|valores}} from pith to bark. The magnitude of the increase was about 0.1 units of specific gravity per 10 cm of radius, although there were differences between the species and between trees within each species. All three species colonize clearings and disturbed sites, and these extreme changes in specific gravity may be associated with the pioneer habit in the wet forest.{{ref\|referencias}}		Twelve ''[[Hampea appendiculata]]'', six ''[[Heliocarpus appendiculatus]]'', and twelve ''[[Ochroma pyramidale]]'' trees from tropical wet forest in Costa Rica were sampled across their radii. Wood from all three species increased linearly in specific gravity{{ref\|density}},{{ref\|valores}} from pith to bark. The magnitude of the increase was about 0.1 units of specific gravity per 10 cm of radius, although there were differences between the species and between trees within each species. All three species colonize clearings and disturbed sites, and these extreme changes in specific gravity may be associated with the pioneer habit in the wet forest.{{ref\|referencias}}
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	<small>		<small>

	===Apostillas===		===Apostillas===
	#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.		#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.

Lcgarcia: /* Apostillas */

2016-05-05T20:22:40Z

Apostillas

← Revisión anterior		Revisión del 22:22 5 may 2016
Línea 8:		Línea 8:
	#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.		#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.
	#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]		#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]
	#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: ~~somo~~ of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).		#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).
	#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and sera! composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.		#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and sera! composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.
	</small>		</small>

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'''Michael C. Wiemann y G. Bruce Williamson. 1988.''' Extreme radial changes in wood specific gravity in some tropical pioneers. Wood and Fiber Science, '''20'''(3), 1988, pp. 344-349{{ref|bruce}}) 
===Abstract===
(tomado del artículo) 
Twelve ''[[Hampea appendiculata]]'', six ''[[Heliocarpus appendiculatus]]'', and twelve ''[[Ochroma pyramidale]]'' trees from tropical wet forest in Costa Rica were sampled across their radii. Wood from all three species increased linearly in specific gravity{{ref|density}},{{ref|valores}} from pith to bark. The magnitude of the increase was about 0.1 units of specific gravity per 10 cm of radius, although there were differences between the species and between trees within each species. All three species colonize clearings and disturbed sites, and these extreme changes in specific gravity may be associated with the pioneer habit in the wet forest.{{ref|referencias}}
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===Apostillas===
#{{notas|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm3). The central points are: – slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density – the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. ''∂k'' = (∑ ''∂ini)/∑ni'' Where: ''∂k'' = mean density of the ''kth'' forest ''∂i'' = wood density of the ''ith'' species ''ni'' = abundance of the ''ith'' species [[usuario:Lcgarcia|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.
#{{notas|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in: – [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density] – [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)] – [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]
#{{notas|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: somo of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).
#{{notas|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are: – Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and sera! composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731. – Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.


[[Categoría:bibliografía]]

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	#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.		#{{notas\|bruce}}. G.B. Williamson (PhD Indiana U, post doc en UofMichigan y Assistant Prof. at USFlorida) developed his doctoral diss. about the ecological significance of '''specific gravity of wood''' (or ''wood density'' expressed in g/cm<sup>3</sup>). The central points are:<br>– slow-growing spp accumulate more wood/unit time than fast-growing spp, thereby, have a higher wood density<br>– the ''average wood density of a forest'' (mean of spp abundance times wood density of each spp) reflects the age of the forest (if there is no selective logging). The higher the mean wood density the older the forest. <br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = (∑ ''∂<sub>i</sub>n<sub>i</sub>)/∑n<sub>i</sub>''<br>Where:<br>''∂<sub>k</sub>'' = mean density of the ''k<sub>th</sub>'' forest<br>''∂<sub>i</sub>'' = wood density of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>''n<sub>i</sub>'' = abundance of the ''i<sub>th</sub>'' species<br>[[usuario:Lcgarcia\|Luis Carlos García Lozano]] has a copy (paper) of Williamson's dissertation. It can be scanned or photocopied upon request.
	#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]		#{{notas\|valores}}. Rather ample lists of wood density values compliled from the ecological lierature, can be seen in:<br>– [http://db.worldagroforestry.org ICRAF Database - Wood Density]<br>– [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w4095e/w4095e0c.htm Estimating Biomass and Biomass Change of Tropical Forests: a Primer. (FAO Forestry Paper - 134, 1997)]<br>– [https://www.google.com.co/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0ahUKEwi17pvL28PMAhWBmh4KHbvLDmwQFghLMAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fs.fed.us%2Fglobal%2Fiitf%2Fpubs%2Fgtr_so088_1992.pdf&usg=AFQjCNHDGZ5X5wBavWHcaS9pAr-63b3DhA&sig2=b_eLfkiZ6wiZtgX2Wj0ajw&bvm=bv.121421273,d.dmo Wood Densities of Tropical Tree Species]
	#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: ~~somo~~ of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).		#{{notas\|density}}. Wood density is a specific property (a given sp of tree has a wood density value relatively constant accross the natural range of the sp); however, there is variance to this value: some of it is phenotypic (incomplete expression of genetically determined density), some ontogenic (younger individuals differ from older ones in terms of density) and also, in the case of the paper here cited, young wood differs from older wood (within the same individual).
	#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and sera! composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.		#{{notas\|referencias}}. Besides the present paper, the basic references to Williamson's work are:<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1975. Pattern and sera! composition in an old-growth beech-maple forest. Ecology '''56'''(3):727-731.<br>– Williamson, G. B. 1984. Gradients in wood specific gravity of trees. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club '''111'''(1):51-55.
	</small>		</small>