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	<title>Hellawell, J.M. 1977. - Historial de revisiones</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-11T15:26:46Z</updated>
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		<id>https://wiki.neotropicos.org/index.php?title=Hellawell,_J.M._1977.&amp;diff=9838&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Lcgarcia en 01:48 26 ago 2006</title>
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		<updated>2006-08-26T01:48:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 03:48 26 ago 2006&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;Hellawell, J.M. 1977.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; Change in Natural and Managed Ecosystems: Detection, Measurements and Assessment. Proc. Royal Soc. London.B.197:31-57.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;#REDIRECT [[&lt;/ins&gt;Hellawell, J. M. 1977.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cambio=propiedad ecosistémica intrínseca. Conservación efectiva exige determinar tasas/direcciones aceptables de ∆. 1º desarrollar métodos detectar/medir/evaluar/importancia del ∆ ecológico. Monitoría de sistemas naturales/artificialmente modificados, indispensable para distinguir cuáles son fluctuaciones a corto plazo (cíclicas o estocásticas) y cuáles son parte de tendencias quizas irreversibles (o naturalmente irreversibles). Se requieren criterios para seleccionar parámetros apropiados (ejs. biocenósis, diversidad de comunidades, población spp indicadoras o estimativos de producción) y técnicas de monitoría. Aunque pocos ecosistemas están totalmente aislados de influencia humana, los que lo están sirven de sistema de referencia contra el cual comparar los cambios de ecosistemas intensivamente explotados o desprotegidos. Ejs. de agua dulce/contaminación, pero aplicables otros sistemas. Compara 22 índices: &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;contaminación&#039;&#039;&#039;, 8 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;diversidad&#039;&#039;&#039;, 7 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;comparativos&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Clasificación numérica|clasificación numérica]]), 7 &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Recomienda: &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Déficit spp modificado = I = [(Su-Sm)/Su] x100; Su spp sitio natural, Sm spp ausentes sitio alterado. Rango 0-&amp;gt;100. &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# [[Índice de Czekanowski|Czekanowski]] cuantitativo &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# [[DER|Distancia Euclidiana Media]] , 2. y 3. en [[Mateucci y Colma, 1982]] o [[Clifford y Stephenson, 1975]] &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Desconoce algunos índices de diversidad (Fager, DER, MacArthur)&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Categoría:Bibliografía]] [[Categoría:Metodología]] [[Categoría:Esbozo&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lcgarcia</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.neotropicos.org/index.php?title=Hellawell,_J.M._1977.&amp;diff=2939&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Lcgarcia en 06:41 24 ago 2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.neotropicos.org/index.php?title=Hellawell,_J.M._1977.&amp;diff=2939&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2006-08-24T06:41:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisión anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisión del 08:41 24 ago 2006&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Línea 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hellawell, J.M. 1977.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Change in Natural and Managed Ecosystems: Detection, Measurements and Assessment. Proc. Royal Soc. London.B.197:31-57.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hellawell, J.M. 1977.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Change in Natural and Managed Ecosystems: Detection, Measurements and Assessment. Proc. Royal Soc. London.B.197:31-57.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cambio=propiedad ecosistémica intrínseca. Conservación efectiva exige determinar tasas/direcciones aceptables &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de∆&lt;/del&gt;. 1º desarrollar métodos detectar/medir/evaluar/importancia del ∆ ecológico. Monitoría de sistemas naturales/artificialmente modificados,indispensable para distinguir cuáles son fluctuaciones a corto plazo (cíclicas o estocásticas) y cuáles son parte de tendencias quizas irreversibles (o naturalmente irreversibles). Se requieren criterios para seleccionar parámetros apropiados (ejs. biocenósis,diversidad de comunidades, población spp indicadoras o estimativos de producción) y técnicas de monitoría. Aunque pocos ecosistemas están totalmente aislados de influencia humana, los que lo están sirven de sistema de referencia contra el cual comparar los cambios de ecosistemas intensivamente explotados o desprotegidos. Ejs.de agua dulce/contaminación, pero aplicables otros sistemas. Compara 22 índices: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;CONTAMINACIÓN&lt;/del&gt;, 8&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. DIVERSIDAD&lt;/del&gt;, 7&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. COMPARATIVOS &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;clasif.&lt;/del&gt;numérica) 7&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/del&gt;Recomienda: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A. &lt;/del&gt;Déficit spp modificado = I = [(Su-Sm)/Su] x100; Su spp sitio natural, Sm spp ausentes sitio alterado. Rango 0-&amp;gt;100. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;B. &lt;/del&gt;Czekanowski &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cuant. C. &lt;/del&gt;Distancia Euclidiana Media. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[ ver B &lt;/del&gt;y &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C &lt;/del&gt;en Mateucci&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/del&gt;Colma o Clifford&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;/&lt;/del&gt;Stephenson&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;] Desconoce algunos índices de diversidad (Fager, DER, MacArthur)&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cambio=propiedad ecosistémica intrínseca. Conservación efectiva exige determinar tasas/direcciones aceptables &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de ∆&lt;/ins&gt;. 1º desarrollar métodos detectar/medir/evaluar/importancia del ∆ ecológico. Monitoría de sistemas naturales/artificialmente modificados, indispensable para distinguir cuáles son fluctuaciones a corto plazo (cíclicas o estocásticas) y cuáles son parte de tendencias quizas irreversibles (o naturalmente irreversibles). Se requieren criterios para seleccionar parámetros apropiados (ejs. biocenósis, diversidad de comunidades, población spp indicadoras o estimativos de producción) y técnicas de monitoría. Aunque pocos ecosistemas están totalmente aislados de influencia humana, los que lo están sirven de sistema de referencia contra el cual comparar los cambios de ecosistemas intensivamente explotados o desprotegidos. Ejs. de agua dulce/contaminación, pero aplicables otros sistemas. Compara 22 índices:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;contaminación&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;, 8  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;diversidad&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;, 7  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*&#039;&#039;&#039;comparativos&#039;&#039;&#039; &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Clasificación numérica|clasificación &lt;/ins&gt;numérica&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;)&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;7  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Recomienda:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# &lt;/ins&gt;Déficit spp modificado = I = [(Su-Sm)/Su] x100; Su spp sitio natural, Sm spp ausentes sitio alterado. Rango 0-&amp;gt;100.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# [[Índice de Czekanowski|&lt;/ins&gt;Czekanowski&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] cuantitativo &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# [[DER|&lt;/ins&gt;Distancia Euclidiana Media&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] , 2&lt;/ins&gt;. y &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/ins&gt;en &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Mateucci &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y &lt;/ins&gt;Colma&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, 1982]] &lt;/ins&gt;o &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Clifford &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y &lt;/ins&gt;Stephenson&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, 1975]&lt;/ins&gt;]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Desconoce algunos índices de diversidad (Fager, DER, MacArthur)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Categoría:Bibliografía]] [[Categoría:Metodología]] [[Categoría:Esbozo]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Categoría:Bibliografía]] [[Categoría:Metodología]] [[Categoría:Esbozo]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lcgarcia</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.neotropicos.org/index.php?title=Hellawell,_J.M._1977.&amp;diff=2903&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Lcgarcia en 06:03 24 ago 2006</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.neotropicos.org/index.php?title=Hellawell,_J.M._1977.&amp;diff=2903&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2006-08-24T06:03:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Página nueva&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Hellawell, J.M. 1977.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Change in Natural and Managed Ecosystems: Detection, Measurements and Assessment. Proc. Royal Soc. London.B.197:31-57.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cambio=propiedad ecosistémica intrínseca. Conservación efectiva exige determinar tasas/direcciones aceptables de∆. 1º desarrollar métodos detectar/medir/evaluar/importancia del ∆ ecológico. Monitoría de sistemas naturales/artificialmente modificados,indispensable para distinguir cuáles son fluctuaciones a corto plazo (cíclicas o estocásticas) y cuáles son parte de tendencias quizas irreversibles (o naturalmente irreversibles). Se requieren criterios para seleccionar parámetros apropiados (ejs. biocenósis,diversidad de comunidades, población spp indicadoras o estimativos de producción) y técnicas de monitoría. Aunque pocos ecosistemas están totalmente aislados de influencia humana, los que lo están sirven de sistema de referencia contra el cual comparar los cambios de ecosistemas intensivamente explotados o desprotegidos. Ejs.de agua dulce/contaminación, pero aplicables otros sistemas. Compara 22 índices: CONTAMINACIÓN, 8. DIVERSIDAD, 7. COMPARATIVOS (clasif.numérica) 7. Recomienda: A. Déficit spp modificado = I = [(Su-Sm)/Su] x100; Su spp sitio natural, Sm spp ausentes sitio alterado. Rango 0-&amp;gt;100. B. Czekanowski cuant. C. Distancia Euclidiana Media. [ ver B y C en Mateucci/Colma o Clifford/Stephenson.] Desconoce algunos índices de diversidad (Fager, DER, MacArthur).&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoría:Bibliografía]] [[Categoría:Metodología]] [[Categoría:Esbozo]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Lcgarcia</name></author>
	</entry>
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