Chapter 2. Water Quality System of Puerto Berrío - Historial de revisiones

Mestrada: /* Seasonal water quality, flow and level variations */

2010-03-06T23:43:35Z

Seasonal water quality, flow and level variations

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	On the other hand, pollutants assimilation does not only depend on the water level and the mixing zone. Desirable conditions of the water body are maintained when its volume and quality remain in balance with the volume and strength of the wastewater discharge (Fair et al., 1968). The available dilution flow is crucial in the wastewater discharge process. The dilution flow refers to both the quantity of water that is available for the dilution of the wastewater, and the quality of the water. Depending on the flow, the concentration of the constituents of interest in the receiving water body, and the desired water quality to be maintained, the capacity of a water body to assimilate discharged pollutants can be determined.		On the other hand, pollutants assimilation does not only depend on the water level and the mixing zone. Desirable conditions of the water body are maintained when its volume and quality remain in balance with the volume and strength of the wastewater discharge (Fair et al., 1968). The available dilution flow is crucial in the wastewater discharge process. The dilution flow refers to both the quantity of water that is available for the dilution of the wastewater, and the quality of the water. Depending on the flow, the concentration of the constituents of interest in the receiving water body, and the desired water quality to be maintained, the capacity of a water body to assimilate discharged pollutants can be determined.

			[[imagen: DSC00277 Copia.jpg]]

	'''Figure 28 Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''		'''Figure 28 Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''

Mestrada: /* Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River */

2010-03-06T23:34:41Z

Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River

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	[[imagen:11_MEU_Esquema_tramo_R_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]		[[imagen:11_MEU_Esquema_tramo_R_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]

	'''Figure 16. Simplified representation of river stretch in the Middle Magdalena'''		'''Figure 16 Simplified representation of river stretch in the Middle Magdalena'''


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	'''Figure 17. Longitudinal pH and temperature variations'''		'''Figure 17 Longitudinal pH and temperature variations'''

	'''Figure 18. Longitudinal variation of DO and oxygen saturation'''		'''Figure 18 Longitudinal variation of DO and oxygen saturation'''

	'''Figure 19. Longitudinal TSS and COD variations'''		'''Figure 19 Longitudinal TSS and COD variations'''

	'''Figure 20. Longitudinal nitrogen compounds variations'''		'''Figure 20 Longitudinal nitrogen compounds variations'''


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	'''Figure 21. pH and conductivity seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 21 pH and conductivity seasonal variations'''

	'''Figure 22. Dissolved oxygen and temperature seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 22 Dissolved oxygen and temperature seasonal variations'''

	'''Figure 23. BOD, COD and total solids seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 23 BOD, COD and total solids seasonal variations'''


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	'''Figure 24. Mean temperature in Puerto Berrío'''		'''Figure 24 Mean temperature in Puerto Berrío'''

	'''Figure 25. Mean precipitation in Puerto Berrío'''		'''Figure 25 Mean precipitation in Puerto Berrío'''


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	'''Figure 26. Seasonal flow variations'''		'''Figure 26 Seasonal flow variations'''

	'''Figure 27. Seasonal water level variations'''		'''Figure 27 Seasonal water level variations'''


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	'''Figure 28. Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''		'''Figure 28 Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''

	==River stretch characteristics==		==River stretch characteristics==

Mestrada: /* Wastewater discharges */

2010-03-06T23:33:35Z

Wastewater discharges

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	In the rural area there are only few sectors that have a network system built independently from the one in the urban area. From the settlements of the rural area, only one, Puerto Murillo, is known to discharge the wastewater into the Magdalena River. The amount of this discharge is not known, but since the rural population is relatively small and this is just one of several settlements in the area, it can be assumed that the discharge is very small and can be neglected for the purpose of this study. The rest of the settlements in the rural area discharge the wastewater into various river tributaries and it is also frequent the discharge on land.		In the rural area there are only few sectors that have a network system built independently from the one in the urban area. From the settlements of the rural area, only one, Puerto Murillo, is known to discharge the wastewater into the Magdalena River. The amount of this discharge is not known, but since the rural population is relatively small and this is just one of several settlements in the area, it can be assumed that the discharge is very small and can be neglected for the purpose of this study. The rest of the settlements in the rural area discharge the wastewater into various river tributaries and it is also frequent the discharge on land.

	~~[[imagen: 2POEM 044.jpg]]~~

	~~[[imagen: 1POEM 058 LMO.jpg]]~~

	'''Figure 6 Wastewater discharge in the urban and rural area'''		'''Figure 6 Wastewater discharge in the urban and rural area'''

Mestrada: /* Wastewater discharges */

2010-03-06T23:33:07Z

Wastewater discharges

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	[[imagen: 1POEM 058 LMO.jpg]]		[[imagen: 1POEM 058 LMO.jpg]]

	'''Figure 6. Wastewater discharge in the urban and rural area'''		'''Figure 6 Wastewater discharge in the urban and rural area'''

	Source: Neotrópicos, 2008		Source: Neotrópicos, 2008
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	[[Image: 2_MEU_Esquema_Pto_Berrio_0608.jpg ]]		[[Image: 2_MEU_Esquema_Pto_Berrio_0608.jpg ]]

	'''Figure 7. General scheme of municipalities on the Magdalena River basin'''		'''Figure 7 General scheme of municipalities on the Magdalena River basin'''

	Fuente: Adapted from Cormagdalena, 2007		Fuente: Adapted from Cormagdalena, 2007
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	'''Figure 8. Wastewater discharges of the urban area'''		'''Figure 8 Wastewater discharges of the urban area'''


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	'''Figure 9. Flow diagram: current scenario'''		'''Figure 9 Flow diagram: current scenario'''

Mestrada: /* Wastewater treatment plants */

2010-03-06T23:32:17Z

Wastewater treatment plants

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	[[imagen: DSC00261 Copia.jpg]]		[[imagen: DSC00261 Copia.jpg]]

	'''Figure 4. Wastewater treatment plant El Pensil'''		'''Figure 4 Wastewater treatment plant El Pensil'''

	[[imagen: DSC00272 Copia.jpg]]		[[imagen: DSC00272 Copia.jpg]]

	'''Figure 5. Wastewater treatment plant Lagunas'''		'''Figure 5 Wastewater treatment plant Lagunas'''

	===Wastewater discharges===		===Wastewater discharges===

Mestrada: /* Sewer system */

2010-03-06T23:32:04Z

Sewer system

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	[[imagen:DSC00252.JPG]]		[[imagen:DSC00252.JPG]]

	'''Figure 3. Collection of wastewater in open channels'''		'''Figure 3 Collection of wastewater in open channels'''

	===Wastewater treatment plants===		===Wastewater treatment plants===

Mestrada: /* Drinking water supply system */

2010-03-06T23:31:39Z

Drinking water supply system

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	[[Image: DSC00305_Copia.jpg ]]		[[Image: DSC00305_Copia.jpg ]]

	'''Figure 2. Drinking water treatment plant'''		'''Figure 2 Drinking water treatment plant'''

	===Sewer system ===		===Sewer system ===

Mestrada: /* Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River */

2010-03-06T23:31:03Z

Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River

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	[[imagen:11_MEU_Esquema_tramo_R_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]		[[imagen:11_MEU_Esquema_tramo_R_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]

	'''Figure 11 Simplified representation of river stretch in the Middle Magdalena'''		'''Figure 16. Simplified representation of river stretch in the Middle Magdalena'''


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	'''Figure 12 Longitudinal pH and temperature variations'''		'''Figure 17. Longitudinal pH and temperature variations'''

	'''Figure 13 Longitudinal variation of DO and oxygen saturation'''		'''Figure 18. Longitudinal variation of DO and oxygen saturation'''

	'''Figure 14 Longitudinal TSS and COD variations'''		'''Figure 19. Longitudinal TSS and COD variations'''

	'''Figure 15 Longitudinal nitrogen compounds variations'''		'''Figure 20. Longitudinal nitrogen compounds variations'''


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	'''Figure 16 pH and conductivity seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 21. pH and conductivity seasonal variations'''

	'''Figure 17 Dissolved oxygen and temperature seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 22. Dissolved oxygen and temperature seasonal variations'''

	'''Figure 18 BOD, COD and total solids seasonal variations'''		'''Figure 23. BOD, COD and total solids seasonal variations'''


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	'''Figure 19 Mean temperature in Puerto Berrío'''		'''Figure 24. Mean temperature in Puerto Berrío'''

	'''Figure 20 Mean precipitation in Puerto Berrío'''		'''Figure 25. Mean precipitation in Puerto Berrío'''


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	'''Figure 21 Seasonal flow variations'''		'''Figure 26. Seasonal flow variations'''

	'''Figure 22 Seasonal water level variations'''		'''Figure 27. Seasonal water level variations'''


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	'''Figure 23 Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''		'''Figure 28. Seasonal water level variations in Villas del Coral'''


	==River stretch characteristics==		==River stretch characteristics==

Mestrada: /* Water quality of the Magdalena River */

2010-03-06T23:28:34Z

Water quality of the Magdalena River

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	[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad1.htm See in original size]		[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad1.htm See in original size]

	'''Figure 7 Temperature of surface water in Colombia		'''Figure 12 Temperature of surface water in Colombia

	Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''		Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''
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	[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad2.htm See in original size]		[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad2.htm See in original size]

	'''Figure 8 pH of surface water in Colombia		'''Figure 13 pH of surface water in Colombia

	Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''		Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''
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	[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad3.htm See in original size]		[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad3.htm See in original size]

	'''Figure 9 COD in surface water in Colombia		'''Figure 14 COD in surface water in Colombia

	Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''		Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''
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	[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad4.htm See in original size]		[http://www.ideam.gov.co/indicadores/mapacalidad4.htm See in original size]

	'''Figure 10 Oxygen deficit in surface water in Colombia		'''Figure 15 Oxygen deficit in surface water in Colombia

	Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''		Fuente: Ideam, 2001'''
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	Another way of defining water quality is by means of indexes. Water quality indexes are calculated based on a combination and relation of parameters. The result of this calculation is then compared to a scale defining the water quality both quantitative and qualitative. Water quality indexes will be explained more in detail in Section 4.3.		Another way of defining water quality is by means of indexes. Water quality indexes are calculated based on a combination and relation of parameters. The result of this calculation is then compared to a scale defining the water quality both quantitative and qualitative. Water quality indexes will be explained more in detail in Section 4.3.


	===Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River===		===Longitudinal and seasonal variations in the Magdalena River===

Mestrada: /* The Magdalena River Basin */

2010-03-06T23:27:38Z

The Magdalena River Basin

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	[[image:5_MEU_Rio_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]		[[image:5_MEU_Rio_Magdalena_0608.jpg]]

	'''Figure 5 The Magdalena River in Colombia'''		'''Figure 10 The Magdalena River in Colombia'''

	Fuente: Wikipedia		Fuente: Wikipedia
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	[[image:6_MEU_Cuenca_Rio Magdalena_0608.jpg]]		[[image:6_MEU_Cuenca_Rio Magdalena_0608.jpg]]

	'''Figure 6 Departments in the Magdalena River Basin'''		'''Figure 11 Departments in the Magdalena River Basin'''

	Fuente: FFEM - Cormagdalena, 2007		Fuente: FFEM - Cormagdalena, 2007